Clinical Evaluation of Ghana Shyams TEFF (Telescopically Expanding Fixed Functional) Space Maintainer Versus Conventional Band and Loop Space Maintainer

Abstract Objective: To compare the clinical efficacy of Ghana Shyam's TEFF space maintainer with band and loop space maintainer. Material and Methods: This split-mouth randomized clinical trial was conducted on 20 children (7-9 years), requiring bilateral/contralateral space maintenance therapy. After consent, all the selected children received both space maintainers and were followed up periodically every six months up to two years for clinical assessment according to the evaluation protocol. Instructions and motivation were given to the children. OHI (S) index was recorded before cementation of appliances. The following aspects were analyzed: 1) efficiency and function; 2) dislodgement due to cement loss; 3) breakage at soldered parts; 4) carious or gingival inflammation affecting abutment teeth; 5) distortion of band; 6) being embedded in gingival tissues / gingival slopping; and 7) initial and final S-OHIS scores. Statistical analysis was done using Fisher exact test for survival time and Chi-square test for chewing efficiency. Results: At 24th-month follow-up, 14 Ghana Shyam's TEFF space maintainers and 16 band and loop space maintainers were found to be intact. Conclusion: As both space maintainers demonstrated similar mean survival time Ghana Shyam's TEFF space maintainer with the added advantage of being functional can be recommended as an effective alternative to band and loop in premature loss of primary molar clinical situations.

A review of the effectiveness and long-term stability of the functional appliance / 中华口腔医学杂志

The orthopedic treatment of the orthodontics is a typical and crucial technique and method that uses functional appliances to fully work out the potentials of the jaws and muscles, and accordingly to correct the functional or mild skeletal malocclusions in pre-pubertal children and adolescents. A successful orthopedic treatment involves its short-time effectiveness and its long-term stability. For many years, however, the effectiveness of the functional appliance is controversial and the long-term stability of the functional appliance has always been overlooked. Thus, with an aim of presenting guidelines on orthopedic treatment, the effectiveness and the long-term stability of the functional appliance are discussed in this article.

Dente supranumerário: revisão bibliográfica e relato de caso clínico / Supernumerary tooth: literature review and a case report

A presença de dentes supranumerários pode causar alterações funcionais e estéticas, principalmente quando localizados na região anterior da maxila, contando, ainda, com complicações na erupção do elemento dental permanente da área afetada. São definidos como dentes de desenvolvimento anormal que podem ocorrer tanto na dentição decídua como na dentição permanente, podendo ser únicos ou múltiplos, uni ou bilaterais permanecer impactados ou erupcionar na cavidade bucal e a sua etiologia permanece ainda desconhecida. A prevalência varia entre 0,8% e 3,7%, em diferentes estudos apresentados, sendo que o sexo masculino é o gênero mais prevalente. Frequentemente eles são diagnosticados em exames de rotina, uma vez que, na maior parte dos casos, são assintomáticos. Quando diagnosticados, a remoção cirúrgica está indicada para que o mesmo não venha causar interferência na dentição permanente. Este artigo apresenta o relato do caso de uma criança de 08 anos de idade que apresentava um dente supranumerário na região dos incisivos centrais superiores e o tratamento realizado foi a exodontia e, posteriormente, tratamento ortodôntico preventivo

The occurence of supernumerary teeth can cause functional and aesthetic changes, particularly when located in the anterior maxilla, as well as complications in the eruption of permanent dental element in the affected area. Such term is defined as abnormal teeth development that may occur either in the primary dentition or in permanent dentition. They can be single or multiple; unilateral or bilateral; remain impacted or erupt in the oral cavity and its etiology remains unknown. The prevalence varies between 0.8% and 3.7% in different studies, and the male is the most prevalent gender. Often they are diagnosed during routine examinations, and are asymptomatic in the majority of the cases. When diagnosed, removal surgery is indicated in order to remove any interference in the permanent dentition. This article presents a case report of a 8 years old patient who presented a mesiodens between upper central incisors and was treated by tooth extraction followed by preventive orthodontic treatment

Parámetros periodontales en adolescentes con ortodoncia / Periodontal parameters in adolescents with orthodontic appliances

Fundamento: la ortodoncia puede dificultar la remoción de la placa bacteriana e incrementar el efecto inflamatorio que produce sobre los tejidos gingivales. Objetivo: evaluar el estado de salud gingival de adolescentes con y sin ortodoncia, comparando sus parámetros periodontales. Métodos: en el presente estudio observacional de corte trasversal, el universo estuvo constituido por 64 sujetos (32 con ortodoncia y 32 sin ortodoncia). La profundidad de sondaje se midió con una sonda calibrada en seis sitios por diente (mesobucal, bucal, distobucal, distolingual, lingual y mesolingual) en todos los dientes, se excluyó el tercer molar. En cada sitio del diente también se evaluó el nivel de inserción clínica, la presencia de placa y el sangrado al sondaje. Resultados: se observaron diferencias significativas en los niveles de placa y en el sangrado al sondaje entre los dos grupos, superiores en los adolescentes con ortodoncia. La asociación entre los niveles de placa y sangrado al sondaje para los dos grupos de estudio fue estadísticamente significativa (p< 0.01). Conclusiones: las condiciones periodontales de los adolescentes con aparatología ortodóntica se deben monitorear regularmente debido a que presentan una mayor tendencia a la acumulación de la placa bacteriana que ocasiona sangrado e inflamación gingival.

Background: orthodontic appliances can make the removal of the bacterial plaque difficult and increases the inflammatory effect that is produced on the gingival tissues. Objective: to assess the gingival health condition of adolescents with or without orthodontic appliances, comparing their periodontal parameters. Methods: in the present observational, cross-sectional study, the universe was composed of 64 individuals (32 with orthodontic appliances and 32 without orthodontic appliances). The probing depth was measured with a calibrated probe in six sites per tooth (mesobuccal, buccal, distobuccal, distolingual, lingual, mesolingual) in all the teeth; the third molar was excluded. In every site of the teeth, the clinical attachment level, the presence of plaque and the bleeding at probing, were assessed. Results: significant differences in the plaque levels and in the bleeding at probing were observed between both groups, being higher in the adolescents with orthodontic appliances. The association between the plaque levels and the bleeding at probing for both groups was statistically significant (p< 0.01). Conclusions: periodontal conditions of the adolescents with orthodontic appliances should be regularly monitored since these appliances have a higher tendency to the accumulation of bacterial plaque that provokes bleeding and gingival inflammation.

Characteristics of the primary dentition of children who attended aMother and Child Dental Care Program / Características da dentição decídua em crianças que freqüentaram um Programa Odontológico de Atenção Materno-Infantil

Objective: To assess the type of occlusion prevalent in children who attended a Mother and Child Dental Care Program in the city of Teresina.Methods: The clinical records of children who had participated in the Preventive Program for Expectant Mothers and Babies were chosen randomly and a letter was sent to 1,801 mothers. 343 (19%) responded by attending a consultation, and 261 of these were selected. They were aged 3 to 6, of both sexes and with complete deciduous dentiti on. The data were transcribed to individual clinical record cards and then tabulated and analyzed statistically using EPI-INFO software, version 6.04. An alpha error of 5.0% was considered for false rejection hypothesis.Results: A prevalence of type II arch was observed, in both the upper and lower jaw. The chi-square test showed there was no significant difference between the types of dental arch with regard to age. The presence of primate space in the upper arch was found in 71.2% of the sample, while in the lower arch the frequency was 44.8%. Age was not a determining factor of changes with regard to the presence or absence ofprimate space. The vertical terminal plane between second primary was prevalent in all ages and the situation showed no difference withregard to the dental arches. Regarding the presence of overjet, overbite and anterior open bite, there was a statistically significant decrease intheir frequency with the increase in age. Conclusion: The children examined exhibited predominantly type II arch, with primate space in the upper arch and vertical terminal plane between second primary molars.

Objetivo: Avaliar o tipo de oclusão prevalente em crianças que frequentaram um Programa Odontológico de Atenção Materno-Infantil na cidade de Teresina. Método: Realizou-se uma seleção aleatória de fichas clinicas de crianças que haviam participado do PPGB e, através destas fichas foram enviadas cartas a 1801 mães. Das cartas enviadas houve um retorno de 343 crianças (19%) e destas, foram selecionadas 261 com dentadura decídua completa, de ambos os gêneros, na faixa etária de 3 a 6 anos. Os dados obtidos foram transcritos para fichas clínicas individuais e posteriormente tabulados e analisados estatisticamente através do programa EPI-INFO, versão 6.04. Considerou-se 5,0% de erro alfa para hipótese de falsa rejeição. Resultados: Foi observada prevalência de arco do tipo II, t anto para a arcada superior quanto para a inferior. O teste do qui-quadrado não demonstrou haver diferença significativa entre os tipos de arco dentário com relação à idade. A presença de espaço primata na arcada superior representou 71,2%da amostra avaliada, enquanto na arcada inferior a frequência foi de 44,8%. A idade não foi fator desencadeante de alterações com relação àpresença ou ausência de espaço primata. A relação terminal de segundos molares decíduos em plano/reto foi prevalente em todas as idades ea situação não apresentou diferenças quanto aos hemi-arcos dentários. Quanto à presença de trespasses vertical e horizontal e mordida abertaanterior com relação a idade, observou-se que com o aumento da idade houve diminuição das situações avaliadas com significância estatística.Conclusão: As crianças examinadas exibiram predominantemente arco tipo II, com espaço primata na arcada superior e relação terminal dos segundos molares em plano terminal reto.